Isu ground temperature - 4 inch Soil Temperature Probabilities. This application computes soil temperature exceedance based on the observation record of a ISU Ag Climate site. The average daily 4 inch soil temperature is used in this calculation. Spring: The values represent the percentage of years that a temperature below the given threshold was observed after a given ...

 
The high temperature for Des Moines reached 80 degrees for the last day of April and made for the fourth day of the month with such a warm high temperature. The featured chart presents the number of such days each April for the airport. The average total is just two days, but there have been other recent years with higher totals than this year.. Wells fargo zelle

Amplitude of seasonal soil temperature change as a function of depth below ground surface. Vertical closed-loop earth heat exchangers are installed in boreholes 200 to 300 feet deep, where seasonal changes in soil temperature are completely damped out. Well-based open-loop systems also extend to this depth or deeper.Current Conditions and Outlooks | Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship. Climatology Home. Recent Climatology Maps. Weekly Growing Season Report. Monthly …Apr 8, 2014 · Patience is a scarce commodity at planting time. "You should plant corn after soil temperatures have risen above 50 degrees F and weather forecasts ensure that warm weather continues," advises Mark Licht, another ISU Extension field agronomist. "Remember to stay patient when it comes to planting so you can avoid the planting mistakes that would ... Iowa Soil Temperature. Soil Temperature at the 4-inch depth is important to crop establishment even though seed placement is usually at depths of less than 2 inches. Soil temperature of below 50F is important to responsible fall anhydrous application. The estimated county soil temperature in Iowa is derived from observations at 16 locations ...Pavers have a variety of uses in landscaping projects because they’re specifically designed for ground applications. The main reason is that they can withstand foot traffic, weathe...Apr 13, 2018 ... The average 4-inch soil temperatures are still below 50 degrees across much of Iowa as of April 12th. The northern portion of the state is ...The snow cover and soil are keeping insects at four depth more protected than those closer to the surface or exposed to the air. Figure 1. Air (blue) and 4” soil (brown) temperature at two ISU Soil Moisture Network locations from 7:00 a.m. on February 15 to 7:00 a.m. on February 16. Source: Iowa Environmental MesonetWatch this video to find out how to measure the temperature of the soil in your yard. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View All Guides Latest View All Radio Show ...Sizzling temperatures across the globe aren't just bad for humans, they're bad for crops too. Harvests are smaller and that drives up food prices. Advertisement Vicious heat waves ...The chart shows daily soil temperature ranges along with an hourly average value from the Ames ISU Soil Moisture Network station. The 50 degree threshold is generally needed to support corn development and is highlighted on the chart. The last five days have seen values well below that threshold. This situation pretty much happens …Iowa is one of several states in the Upper Midwest where soils remain too cool to begin planting. Iowa State University Extension field agronomist Meaghan Anderson says soil temps across most of the state were hovering in the low 40’s before the latest warmup. “We have had the 60 (and) 70 degree air temperatures, but they will drop back ...Amplitude of seasonal soil temperature change as a function of depth below ground surface. Vertical closed-loop earth heat exchangers are installed in boreholes 200 to 300 feet deep, where seasonal changes in soil temperature are completely damped out. Well-based open-loop systems also extend to this depth or deeper.The idea behind heat pumps or geothermal ground-source energy is a simple one that involves leveraging year-round ground temperatures, typically between 54 – 75 degrees Fahrenheit, for cooling in the summer and heating in the winter. An experimental bore well at Lookout Mountain showed a range of undisturbed formation temperatures …Distylum is a genus of evergreen shrubs in the Hamamelidaceae (witch hazel) family native to Asia. Hybrids in this genus are compact, coming in many sizes, and are very insect and disease resistant as well as tolerant of drought and heat. Some cultivars even grow well …Combine the sugar, salt, Chinese five spice powder, white pepper, sesame oil, wine, soy sauce, hoisin sauce, molasses, food coloring (if using), and garlic in a bowl to make the marinade (i.e. the BBQ sauce). Reserve about 2 tablespoons of marinade and set it aside. Rub the pork with the rest of the marinade in a large bowl or baking dish.The article aims to assess the effects of soil temperature measured in situ on the heat loss analyses of a building. Numerical analyses and in situ measurements of soil temperature profiles for real conditions under a residential building (profile I) in Poland and under the area outside the building (profile II) were performed. Based on the …Wait to plant until the upper four inches of soil reach 50˚F with a forecast warming trend. Soil temperature is one of the most important factors crop farmers use to guide their planting decisions. The rule of thumb is to wait until the upper four inches reach at least 50˚F., with a warming trend in the forecast.2-inch Soil Temperatures (Soil temperature data will be updated by 9:00 AM on weekdays and 11:00 AM on weekends.) 2-inch Soil Temperatures for May 1, 2024. Station. County. Bare Soil. Corn. Residue.Use it to answer questions like, “What would be considered an early date for a location’s soil temperature to warm above 50 degrees F?”. Or maybe you want to know the absolute earliest date soil reaches 50 degrees at your location over time. Or, more likely, if you are using the tool to guide selection of target planting dates, you will ...Vertical borehole ground heat exchanger design methods. J.D. Spitler, M. Bernier, in Advances in Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems, 2016 2.3.2.1 Undisturbed ground temperature. The average ground temperature to which the GHE will be exposed has an important effect on its required size—the required size is often inversely proportional to …the time when a frozen ground surface is warmed to 0 C by melt-water percolation or by strong rain-on-snow events (cf. Westermann et al., 2011). RD can only be detected in situations having negative temperatures at the snow-ground interface. In this paper, we use near-surface ground tempera-ture, measured at depths of a few centimetres, as a ... IEM :: ISU Soil Moisture County Temperature Estimates. ISU Soil Moisture Network. County 4 inch Soil Temperature Maps. This page presents daily soil temperature analysis maps. The left hand column plots combine ISU Soil Moisture Network observations and bias corrected NWS NAM forecast model analyses to produce a higher resolution plot. Surface and Air Temperature. This chapter focuses on air temperature—that is, the temperature of the air as observed at 1.2 m (4 ft) above the ground surface. Air temperature conditions many aspects of human life, from the clothing we wear to the fuel costs we pay. Air temperature and air temperature cycles also act to select the plants …Once germinated, nearly all seedlings will grow best with daytime temperatures between 65 and 70°F and nighttime temperatures a few degrees cooler. Light Requirements. for Germination. Light conditions during germination are critical for many annual flowers and vegetables. The seeds of some plant species require light for germination, and ...The duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom. metre: m length, , , etc. The distance travelled by light in vacuum …Beef should be cooked to at least 160 degrees Fahrenheit, while chicken should reach a minimum of 165 degrees Fahrenheit. Pork should be cooked to an internal temperature of 145 degrees Fahrenheit, and lamb should reach at least 145 degrees Fahrenheit for roasts and 165 degrees Fahrenheit for lamb chops.2017: Wind and Hail Tags. 2016: Daily Mixing Ratio. 2014: It rained! 2013: 45 to 70. 2012: Easily the warmest March. 2011: Three weeks behind. 2008: Late March snowfall not uncommon. 2007: Warm ground for early spring. 2006: Some green out there.ISU Soil Moisture Network. County 4 inch Soil Temperature Maps. This page presents daily soil temperature analysis maps. The left hand column plots combine ISU Soil Moisture Network observations and bias corrected NWS NAM forecast model analyses to produce a higher resolution plot.ISU Soil Moisture Network; Soil Temperature Probabilities; 4 inch Soil Temperature Probabilities. This application computes soil temperature exceedance based on the …Castana – Western ISU-RDF: ... During sunny days, ground temperatures can be much warmer than the air temperature (10-40F is not unusual), and on a cold, clear winter nights, when the ground radiates heat to space, the ground temperature can be 1-8F cooler than air temperature .Feb 18, 2021 ... The tank would need to be redesigned from the ground ... ISU-152 weren't designed as tank destroyers ... The temperature of the test is not stated ...ISU Beef Extension Veterinarian. August 2010. As temperatures heat up during the summer cattle producers need to assess the heat stress that their cattle are under. Typically pastured cattle are not as susceptible to heat stress as feedlot cattle. Pastured cattle have the ability to seek shade, water and air movement to cool themselves.Not only will mulch give your outdoor landscaping areas a finished appearance, but mulch also has some important benefits for your plants. With a thick layer of mulch on the ground...Changes in the Earth's temperature and the impact that it has is explained in this article from HowStuffWorks. Learn about changes in the Earth's temperature. Advertisement Global ...April 13, 2022 By Mark Dorenkamp Filed Under: Crops, Iowa, News. Iowa is one of several states in the Upper Midwest where soils remain too cool to begin planting. Iowa State University Extension field agronomist Meaghan Anderson says soil temps across most of the state were hovering in the low 40’s before the latest warmup.Spiio reports hourly data from cellular wireless, in-ground soil sensors and immediate insights on soil temperatures, moisture, salinity and even light. Subscribe Now >> Know More. Know Sooner. Know Spiio. Agronomists and superintendents have a dashboard of the entire property and can quickly see and hone in on areas of concern. ...Sunny days spent splashing around and having fun. That’s a huge part of the allure of a swimming pool. However, not all backyards are made for in-ground pools, which require costly...The 4-inch Soil Temperature map displays the current soil temperature (degrees F) at 4 inches (10 cm) under the existing vegetative cover at each Mesonet site.Data Source. Our soil temperature and moisture data come from Open-Meteo, a global weather API that provides weather data for any location in the world.. Open-Meteo uses data from thousands of weather stations around the world and combines global (11 km) and mesoscale (1 km) weather models from national weather services into one seamless prediction.4 inch Soil Temperature Probabilities. This application computes soil temperature exceedance based on the observation record of a ISU Ag Climate site. The average daily 4 inch soil temperature is used in this calculation. Spring: The values represent the percentage of years that a temperature below the given threshold was observed after a given ...Amplitude of seasonal soil temperature change as a function of depth below ground surface. Vertical closed-loop earth heat exchangers are installed in boreholes 200 to 300 feet deep, where seasonal changes in soil temperature are completely damped out. Well-based open-loop systems also extend to this depth or deeper.Knowledge Article. Ground meat should always be cooked to a safe minimum internal temperature. Cook ground beef, pork, veal, and lamb to 160 °F. Use a food thermometer to ensure that all ground meat have reached a safe minimum internal temperature. For more information about what temperatures should meat, poultry and …Since nitrification is a microbial-mediated process, the rate is influenced by several factors that affect biological activity, such as ammonia in soil water (inhibits nitrification), temperature, soil aeration (only occurs in aerobic soils), soil pH – range from 4.5 to 10.0 (optimum at pH 8.5), and soil moisture (highest at field capacity ...While soil temperatures at the 4-inch depth dropped down into the low 40s and even upper 30s across the state of Iowa by November 2, warmer air temperatures this week will raise soil temperatures, possibly above the 50° F threshold. Soil temperatures at the 4-inch depth across the state of Iowa for Nov. 2, 2020.Beef is considered to be cooked medium rare when the internal temperature has reached between 135 and 145 degrees Fahrenheit. Ground beef hamburgers should be cooked to an internal...Soil Temperatures in Illinois The Illinois State Water Survey maintains a network of 19 soil temperature sites across the state that measure temperatures at 4 and 8 inches. You can look at maps for 10 am , any hour of the day, high for the day, low for the day, under sod, and under bare soil.4 inch Soil Temperature Probabilities. This application computes soil temperature exceedance based on the observation record of a ISU Ag Climate site. The average daily 4 inch soil temperature is used in this calculation. Spring: The values represent the percentage of years that a temperature below the given threshold was observed after a given ...Access. Current Soil Temperature maps. Archived Soil Temperature maps. Partner (s) Midwestern Regional Climate Center. The Regional Mesonet Program (RMP) produces … 57.2°F. 67.5°F. 48.6°F. 56.6°F. -. Soil temperatures are taken at 4 inches below the soil surface under bare soil. The locations listed in this table are more specific than the table used prior to March 1, 2017. We have included the former location names (AKA=also known as) for your convenience in locating previous sites. The temperature of a cloud, in fact, must exceed -4OoC in order for it to consist entirely of ice crystals. ... Virga is precipitation that doesn't reach the ground. If updrafts in a cloud change to downdrafts rainfall amount may increase to a shower. If a shower is excessively heavy it is referred to as a cloudburst.According to the USDA, ground meat should be cooked to a minimum temperature of 160˚ which will give you a well-done beef burger. But if you like your burgers a little less done, aim for one of the burger temperatures below: • Medium-rare: 130° to 135°. • Medium: 140° to 145°. • Medium-well: 150° to 155°. Keep in mind that your ...Planting before it is time can reduce fruit set, stunt plant growth, and prevent or reduce seed germination. Plants such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and snap peas benefit from soils at least 60 degrees F. (16 C.). Sweet corn, lima beans, and some greens need 65 degrees F. (18 C.) Warmer temperatures into the 70's (20's C.) are required for ...Surface and Air Temperature. This chapter focuses on air temperature—that is, the temperature of the air as observed at 1.2 m (4 ft) above the ground surface. Air temperature conditions many aspects of human life, from the clothing we wear to the fuel costs we pay. Air temperature and air temperature cycles also act to select the plants …Data Source. Our soil temperature and moisture data come from Open-Meteo, a global weather API that provides weather data for any location in the world.. Open-Meteo uses data from thousands of weather stations around the world and combines global (11 km) and mesoscale (1 km) weather models from national weather services into one seamless prediction.The chart shows daily soil temperature ranges along with an hourly average value from the Ames ISU Soil Moisture Network station. The 50 degree threshold is generally needed to support corn development and is highlighted on the chart. The last five days have seen values well below that threshold. This situation pretty much happens every year ...Amplitude of seasonal soil temperature change as a function of depth below ground surface. Vertical closed-loop earth heat exchangers are installed in boreholes 200 to 300 feet deep, where seasonal changes in soil temperature are completely damped out. Well-based open-loop systems also extend to this depth or deeper.Changes in the Earth's temperature and the impact that it has is explained in this article from HowStuffWorks. Learn about changes in the Earth's temperature. Advertisement Global ...Feb 18, 2021 ... The tank would need to be redesigned from the ground ... ISU-152 weren't designed as tank destroyers ... The temperature of the test is not stated ...Condensation. Objects near the ground cool rapidly at night through emission of infrared radiation. The ground and objects near the ground are often much cooler than the surrounding air. Air in contact with these objects cools by conduction, eventually reaching the dew point. As water vapor condenses on these surfaces deal) begins to accumulate.Germination process and soil temperature. Seed absorbs about 30 percent of its weight in water; temperature does not affect that process. But temperature does affect growth of both the radicle (first root) and coleoptile (shoot). With soil temperatures below 50 F, seeds readily absorb water but do not initiate root or shoot growth.Apr 20, 2022 · Know the 4-inch soil temperature before putting seed in the ground. Soil temperature is one of the most important factors crop farmers use to guide their planting decisions. The rule of thumb is to wait until the upper 4 inches reach at least 50° degrees Fahrenheit, with a warming trend in the forecast. Hourly Data. Daily Data Request Form: Information: This interface accesses the archive of daily weather data collected from the Iowa State Agclimate Automated Weather stations. …Feb 3, 2023 ... I called her to learn more about preventing and treating cold related injuries and illnesses. Yuko Sato, Iowa State's poultry extension ...State Averages. Click symbol on map to view available plots: 4 inch Soil Temperatures. Today's Precipitation. Precipitation Departure. Days to Accum 2 inches. Iowa Drought …Minimum Internal Temperature & Rest Time. Beef, Pork, Veal & Lamb Steaks, chops, roasts. 145 °F (62.8 °C) and allow to rest for at least 3 minutes. Ground Meats. 160 °F (71.1 °C) Ground Poultry. 165 °F. Ham, fresh or smoked (uncooked) 145 °F (62.8 °C) and allow to rest for at least 3 minutes.When you build a PC, your processor usually comes with a small cooler—but people often recommend upgrading to a large aftermarket cooler for cooler, quieter operation. But how much...Soil temperature is one of the most important factors to guide planting decisions. The rule of thumb is to wait until the upper 4 inches reach at least 50 degrees, with a warming temperature trend in the forecast. One way to track soil temperatures across Iowa is by using the soil temperatures map compiled by the Iowa Environmental …Once germinated, nearly all seedlings will grow best with daytime temperatures between 65 and 70°F and nighttime temperatures a few degrees cooler. Light Requirements. for Germination. Light conditions during germination are critical for many annual flowers and vegetables. The seeds of some plant species require light for germination, and ...Ames - AEA ISU-RDF (Boone County, BOOI4) Ames - Finch Farm (Story County, AMFI4) ... Daily High 50 inch Depth Soil Temperature [F] soil12vwcJanuary 11, 2017 5:00 PM. Blog Post. Soil Temperature at the 4-inch depth is important to crop establishment even though seed placement is usually at depths of less than 2 …A ground temperature test platform was built to verify the numerical model, as shown in Fig. 3. The test platform was located in Dalian, China, and it began to work on December 1, 2018. A test hole of 4 m depth was drilled, and the temperatures at 0.4, 1.2, 2, 3 and 4 m underground were monitored by Pt 100 resistance temperature detector …24 inch Soil Moisture [%] 50 inch Soil Moisture [%] Atmospheric Pressure [mb] (only Ames ISU Hort Farm at 15 minute interval) CS SoilVue 10. All SoilVue Temperature + Moisture Data. 2 inch. 12 inch. 20 inch. 30 inch.USDA Temperature Guidelines. According to the USDA, the minimum safe temperature for ground meat is 160 F/71 C, or well done. For ground turkey or chicken, the minimum safe temperature is a little higher, at 165 F/74 C. It typically takes from 10 to 15 minutes to reach either temperature, depending on the thickness or size of the …Minimum Internal Temperature & Rest Time. Beef, Pork, Veal & Lamb Steaks, chops, roasts. 145 °F (62.8 °C) and allow to rest for at least 3 minutes. Ground Meats. 160 °F (71.1 °C) Ground Poultry. 165 °F. Ham, fresh or smoked (uncooked) 145 °F (62.8 °C) and allow to rest for at least 3 minutes.The 4-inch Soil Temperature map displays the current soil temperature (degrees F) at 4 inches (10 cm) under the existing vegetative cover at each Mesonet site. This map is updated every 15 minutes.Iowa 4 inch soil temperature maps for the last three days are published by ISU Extension and the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Soil temperatures at 4-inch depth around Iowa are kept updated on the weather page on Iowa State University's website. Keep track of the weather outlook for Iowa this spring.Iowa Soil Properties and Interpretations Database (ISPAID) Version 8.1.1 is now available. Download ISPAID 8.1.1 ISPAID Version 8.1.1 is a supplementary update to ISPAID Version 8.1. Updates made to ISPAID Version 8.1.1 include the addition of new soil map unit symbols (MUS) used in the current soil survey, adjustments to MUS acreage, and NRCS ...Apr 19, 2022 · The chart shows daily soil temperature ranges along with an hourly average value from the Ames ISU Soil Moisture Network station. The 50 degree threshold is generally needed to support corn development and is highlighted on the chart. The last five days have seen values well below that threshold. This situation pretty much happens every year ... The featured chart presents yearly timeseries of four inch depth soil temperatures from the ISU AgClimate (now ISU Soil Moisture) station at the AEA Ames AgFarm. The black line represents the simple average of all the yearly lines. As with air temperatures, soil temperatures have been on the warm side of average recently.A minimum soil temperature of 50º F (10º C) during the 24 hours following planting is recommended. At soil temperatures below 50º F (10º C), the risk of slow germination, infection of seedling diseases, and reduced stand establishment increases. Soybeans typically require between 90 and 130 GDUs to emerge, depending upon soil type.While soil temperatures at the 4-inch depth dropped down into the low 40s and even upper 30s across the state of Iowa by November 2, warmer air temperatures this week will raise soil temperatures, possibly above the 50° F threshold. Soil temperatures at the 4-inch depth across the state of Iowa for Nov. 2, 2020.Thanks for having this up on the ISU Extension website. H Jensen says: May 6, 2020 at 8:40 pm. ... it is unlikely that an annual plant would encounter a hard freeze with covering as the ground temperatures are warmer and will …Sizzling temperatures across the globe aren't just bad for humans, they're bad for crops too. Harvests are smaller and that drives up food prices. Advertisement Vicious heat waves ...4” Soil Temperature – Fifty degrees is often quoted as the temperature that is needed to begin germination and growth of corn. The Recent Soil 4 Inch Soil Temperature website, a part of the ISU Soil Moisture Network, shows maps that are based on National Weather Service North American Mesoscale (NAM) forecast model analyses …The duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom. metre: m length, , , etc. The distance travelled by light in vacuum …The ISU Soil Moisture Network is managed by Iowa State University (ISU). The network began in the 1980s as the ISU Ag Climate Network and was transitioned to its current configuration of stations and equipment in 2013 and 2014.Feb 2, 2024 · The ASOS/AWOS stations are located at Airports in support of aviation and weather prediction. The SCAN site provides detailed information about soil conditions and has no direct application for use in aviation. The RWIS sites are located near major highways and provide pavement temperatures for frost forecasting and chemical application guidance. Temperature inversions usually begin to form at the end of the day around dusk (3-5 hours before sunset) and last through the evening (intensifying throughout the night) up to sunrise. As the sun warms the earth’s surface in the morning and the air mixes, the inversion will dissipate thereafter (usually 2-3 hours after sunrise). Figure 1.

Know the 4-inch soil temperature before putting seed in the ground. Soil temperature is one of the most important factors crop farmers use to guide their planting decisions. The rule of thumb is to wait until the upper 4 inches reach at least 50° degrees Fahrenheit, with a warming trend in the forecast.. Warehouses in edwardsville il

isu ground temperature

Volcanologist Þorvaldur Þórðarson claims the ground temperature has increased to the east of Mt. Keilir. Recent data indicates magma is close to the surface, RÚV reports. There have been three volcanic eruptions in three years on along the volcanic ridge of the Reykjanes peninsula. The most recent one, Litli-Hrútur, erupted in August of …Watch this video to find out how to measure the temperature of the soil in your yard. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View All Guides Latest View All Radio Show ...The geothermal crossover is the point at which the temperature of the ground becomes warmer than the average annual air temperature. This point is typically below the MAT depth and varies depending on location and climate. In areas with colder climates, the geothermal crossover may be deeper, while in areas with warmer climates, …For central Iowa, the average day of last freeze with a temperature of 32°F is April 25. By the end of April, average daily high temperature is 65°F and average daily …The idea behind heat pumps or geothermal ground-source energy is a simple one that involves leveraging year-round ground temperatures, typically between 54 – 75 degrees Fahrenheit, for cooling in the summer and heating in the winter. An experimental bore well at Lookout Mountain showed a range of undisturbed formation temperatures …Welcome! This tool offers predictions of corn drydown in the field using algorithms developed for the northern Corn Belt. The tool can help you plan logistics and assess risk by estimating the changes in grain moisture content that are likely to occur under a set of field conditions. To use it, follow these simple steps: This tool is licensed ...Get real-time and historical soil temperature data for Kansas from the Kansas Mesonet, a trusted network of weather stations and sensors across the state. IEM :: ISU Soil Moisture County Temperature Estimates. ISU Soil Moisture Network. County 4 inch Soil Temperature Maps. This page presents daily soil temperature analysis maps. The left hand column plots combine ISU Soil Moisture Network observations and bias corrected NWS NAM forecast model analyses to produce a higher resolution plot. With April now here, the talk of planting will be a daily talking point for farmers across Iowa. With new genetics, more seed treatments, better tile drainage, farmers are pushing the planting date earlier for corn and soybean in Iowa. For 2023 the early crop insurance date is April 10th for both corn and soybean in southern Iowa for the northern … Midwest Regional Climate Center data: 2" and 4" soil temperature (24-hr and 7-day) Current soil temperature (24-hr period) Soil temperature climatology tool (warms-above and cools-below dates) Freeze date tool. Illinois State Water Survey - Water and Atmospheric Resources Monitoring Program (WARM)- IllinoisSoil Data. ISU Soil Moisture Network; Soil Temperature Probabilities; 4 inch Soil Temperature Probabilities. This application computes soil temperature exceedance based on the …We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Apr 8, 2014 · Patience is a scarce commodity at planting time. "You should plant corn after soil temperatures have risen above 50 degrees F and weather forecasts ensure that warm weather continues," advises Mark Licht, another ISU Extension field agronomist. "Remember to stay patient when it comes to planting so you can avoid the planting mistakes that would ... .

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