Retention pond vs detention basin - The primary difference between detention basins and retention basins is whether there is always water in the basin or if the water is only present during storms and …

 
A retention pond, sometimes referred to as a "wet pond" or a "wet detention basin," is an artificial lake typically surrounded by vegetation and continually contains water. These ponds treat incoming stormwater runoff by allowing particles to settle and various types of vegetation to take up nutrients. Both detention and retention ponds require .... Free phone trials

Off-line storage refers to any arrangement where the storage is placed beside the main flow path, and water is diverted into the storage volume by an adjacent control structure, such as a catch basin and weir. The intent of this arrangement is generally to store all the inflow until the pond level reaches the weir or other overflow device.The basin is designed to manage stormwater runoff by storing it and releasing it gradually until completed drained. Unlike a detention basin, a retention basin or pond is designed to permanently hold water. Retention basins are commonly used when the groundwater is near the surface of the ground. A retention basin will not have an outlet structure.Mordad 9, 1397 AP ... The two types of ponds are often referred to interchangeably, but they are not the same thing. Retention ponds are wet and therefore contain ...Mar 8, 2022 · Detention ponds are constructed for flood events and have shorter settling and retention times than retention basins. A retention basin stores water …q o = Outflow, or post-development peak discharge downstream of detention ponds; often the pre-development peak discharge is used as this value [L 3 /T]. V r = Runoff Volume [L 3]. V s = Detention Storage Volume [L 3]. SCS (1986) provides equations and a graph for V s / …Detention ponds are constructed for flood events and have shorter settling and retention times than retention basins. A retention basin stores water year-round, and the outfall structure contains an orifice at a higher elevation compared to a detention pond. In Ohio, we primarily see retention ponds surrounding developments due to the higher ...Retention basins – or retention ponds are often referred to as a “wet ponds”, a “wet detention basin” or “stormwater management pond”. Moreover, retention basins are used to manage stormwater runoff which helps to prevent flooding, downstream erosion, and improve water quality that’s flowing from the basin to an adjacent river, stream, or lake.Detention basins let run-off spread across a wide floor area and only fill after heavy rainfall, when they will hold large volumes of water. This lets pollutants settle out before the water soaks away or discharges slowly downstream. Ponds and wetlands. If you want to store water for longer, you can use ponds instead of detention basins.Retention ponds are more commonly installed in temperate and wet climates with higher annual rainfall totals, while detention basins are widely seen in arid prairie and desert environments in the Western and Midwestern states of the U.S. Areas that experience heavy snow melts in the spring also tend to install both detention and retention ponds for …Basins are generally used to collect stormwater and release it at a controlled rate to prevent flooding and erosion. Some basins can also filter some pollutants out of the water before it enters the storm drain system. Table 2.2.1 summarizes some common mitigation solutions that can improve the performance of these basins. Table 2.2.1.Cook, “Stormwater Management Detention Pond Design Within Floodplain. Areas.” Trans., Res. Record 1017, 1987. Stahre, P. and B.Urbonas. “Stormwater Detention.” ...Aug 10, 2020 · Retention ponds or wet ponds are basins that maintain a pool of water throughout the year and hold stormwater runoff. These ponds fluctuate in …Wet Pond. Wet Pond, sometimes called a retention pond, is a stormwater management facility which controls the water discharge before releasing it to the stream and retains a certain depth of water in the facility. According to MSMA, it is commonly designed for a catchment greater than 10 ha. Wet Pond in REDAC Universiti Sains Malaysia.Specific CSO retention methods include underground storage (e.g., tunnels), in-receiving water storage, and retention basins (RBs). RBs may be built in-line or off-line. Th is fact sheet describes near-surface, off-line RBs. CSO RBs capture and store some of the excess combined sewer flow that would otherwise be bypassed to receiving waters.Are there detention center dollars in your portfolio? General Dynamics is one of the largest defense contractors in the country, a massive conglomerate that builds jets, tanks, bul...1. Retention ponds are designed to hold and slowly release stormwater runoff over an extended period of time. 1. Detention ponds are designed to temporarily store stormwater runoff and release it at a controlled rate. 2. Retention ponds are typically designed to mimic natural wetlands and provide habitat for wildlife. 2.q o = Outflow, or post-development peak discharge downstream of detention ponds; often the pre-development peak discharge is used as this value [L 3 /T]. V r = Runoff Volume [L 3]. V s = Detention Storage Volume [L 3]. SCS (1986) provides equations and a graph for V s / …Retention ponds should be paired with upstream sustainable drainage components such as smaller detention basins and swales that give primary treatment and sediment management. What are the costs associated with ... The capital costs of a retention pond are typically between $25 and $50 per cubic meter of storage volume ...May 10, 2021 · A detention pond — sometimes referred to as a “dry detention basin” or “dry pond” — is a sunken area (usually excavated) that stores water …The Analyst Pablo Zuanic from Cantor Fitzgerald maintained a rating of Overweight for the stocks of Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (CSE:TRUL) (OTCQX:TCN... Pablo Zuanic from Cantor Fitzg...Extended Wet Detention Basin - A wet detention basin that has been designed to increase the length of time that stormwater will be detained, typically between 24-40 hours. Retention Basin (Wet Pond) - A stormwater management facility designed to capture runoff that does not discharge directly to a surface water body.Trash in detention ponds and waterways impacts water quality, can be harmful to aquatic life, and makes our local waterways look bad. 2. Sediment. Loose sediment from eroded shorelines and run-off can gather in the inlet and outlet structures, causing a blockage. If you notice shoreline erosion occurring along your stormwater …Dec 12, 2019 · This document provides design guidance and details for stormwater storage facilities, such as extended detention basins, retention ponds, and wetlands. It covers topics such as site selection, sizing, outlet structures, maintenance, and landscaping. It is part of the Criteria Manual Volume 3 by the Mile High Flood District, a public agency that manages flood risks and stormwater quality in the ... A detention basin is best described as a pond that holds water for a short period of time before it enters a waterway or dissipates. They are often called dry ponds and benefit subdivisions when the land available for construction has an appealing slope. Also, most frequently are used to satisfy city ordinances that require a subdivision to ...May 28, 2009 · The main difference between a detention and a retention basin is whether or not it has a permanent pool of water – like a traditional “pond”. The …The construction of a retention pond can range from USD 35,000, to USD 1,000,000 depending on the size and modifications made to the pond. Maintaining these ponds can cost 3-5 percent of the construction cost annually, which is compensated by a 10-20% increase in the property’s value.Basins offer many opportunities for the landscape designer. Basins should not be built on, but can be used for sports and recreation. Basins can be part of public open space. Maintenance. Litter/trash removal; Inlet/outlet cleaning; Vegetation management; Sediment monitoring and removal when required. More on: Retention & detention. Retention pondsCredit card retention offers can help you decide whether or not you want to keep a card open. Find out more about how to get these offers. We may be compensated when you click on p...But what are the main differences between detention and infiltration vs. harvesting and ... Stormwater detention is the storage of stormwater runoff within large or even small storage systems or retention ponds. After a set period ... This can be done by designing and building engineered underground storage vaults, basins or ponds.Cook, “Stormwater Management Detention Pond Design Within Floodplain. Areas.” Trans., Res. Record 1017, 1987. Stahre, P. and B.Urbonas. “Stormwater Detention.” ...A retention pond, sometimes referred to as a "wet pond" or a "wet detention basin," is an artificial lake typically surrounded by vegetation and continually contains water. These ponds treat incoming stormwater runoff by allowing particles to settle and various types of vegetation to take up nutrients. Both detention and retention ponds require ...Cook, “Stormwater Management Detention Pond Design Within Floodplain. Areas.” Trans., Res. Record 1017, 1987. Stahre, P. and B.Urbonas. “Stormwater Detention.” ...8 Advantages and Benefits of Retention Ponds. Retention ponds improve water quality. Remove pollutants and sediments. Serve as storage facility for controlled release of water. Diminish the threat of flooding. Enhances the Environment and wildlife. Easy to construct and maintain if adequate space is available or provided.Detention basins let run-off spread across a wide floor area and only fill after heavy rainfall, when they will hold large volumes of water. This lets pollutants settle out before the water soaks away or discharges slowly downstream. Ponds and wetlands. If you want to store water for longer, you can use ponds instead of detention basins.Feb 15, 2024 · A retention pond, also known as a retention basin or storage basin, is an engineered structure designed to manage excess stormwater runoff. Its key …Bahman 8, 1395 AP ... Detention ponds are dry and have an orifice level at the bottom. A retention pond has a riser and an orifice located at a higher point, so it ...A look into the intricate world of how pilots navigate the transatlantic journey. The route between London and New York is the busiest in the world, with more than 30 flights a day...Sending cold emails to investors isn't a terrible idea — as long as you've done your research first. Pitching a startup to investors without a personal recommendation isn’t a terri...The components of the model are: 1. An inlet to the pond with a simple time series – a subcatchment can be added to it in a more complicated model but for now we will just have a triangular time series, 2. A pipe to simulate the flow into the pond from the inlet, 3. A Storage Node to simulate the Pond that consists of a tabular area curve to ...Feb 1, 2024 · A detention pond is an area that holds stormwater temporarily and lets it out slowly. It helps to manage excess water especially during heavy rains. The goal of a detention basin is to prevent floods by controlling the flow of water into lakes, rivers, and streams. Detention basins catch runoff from impervious surfaces like roofs, roads, and ... As retention ponds need to hold back a constant level of water, highly permeable soils can be a drawback. If this is the case, clay blankets may be used to overlay or compact the existing soil and therefore make it less absorptive. Retention vs. Detention Basins. Retention basins are not to be confused with detention basins.May 14, 2020 · Retention Pond vs. Detention Pond. Since a retention pond may be referred to as a wet detention pond, be careful not to confuse it with a detention pond or detention basin. Detention ponds are also known as dry ponds. This is a clue to the primary difference between the two stormwater management ponds: A retention pond is wet because it ... Detention and Retention Basins Brisbane, Queensland - Jacks Drainage Flood Prevention, Brisbane Queensland,. Account Suspended. Account Suspended.Two issues that will be discussed in this Chapter are minimum spillway capacity, as spillway design will affect the duration of detention and therefore stormwater quantity and quality control, and pond forebay areas and capacity. These will be discussed in the Design Procedure section. A typical wet pond is shown in Figure 5-1.Detention ponds gradually release stormwater through an outlet structure to adjacent surface waters rather than through infiltration into the soils. Detention ponds can be designed as wet or dry. Wet detention ponds are constructed so that the pond bottom is below the SHWT elevation. Dry detention ponds set the pond bottom above the SHWT.Algae is projected to become an important source of nutrition in the future. Check out future uses of the green stuff with HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Could algae be a solution to...Set its crest elevation high for now. Almost to the top of the pond. Set the orifice at, or just above, the bottom of the pond. (Note: If you’re using Hydrology Studio, be sure to check ON the multi-stage (“Flows through Culvert”) option. …These detention basins are typically planted with a turf grass that is mowed on a regular basis. This creates large areas of habitat or resting places for nuisance wildlife such as Canada geese. Geese can defecate up to 1 ½ pounds of fecal material per day causing a mowed basin to become an increasing source of bacteria in the watershed.“I can’t think of any conceivable ethical justification for the government’s imprisonment of Mr Damus for over two years,” said ACLU attorney David Hausman. A Haitian ethics profes...Call Dare provides retention basin maintenance & cleaning services in New Jersey. Call our team today if you need help with your retention pond! New Clients: 800-881-1469 Existing clients: 800-694-1199 Human Resources: 800-582-4649 ... The Difference Between Detention & Retention Ponds.Cook, “Stormwater Management Detention Pond Design Within Floodplain. Areas.” Trans., Res. Record 1017, 1987. Stahre, P. and B.Urbonas. “Stormwater Detention.” ...Water Retention! Page 8. How Many Does Monroe County Have? • Estimated 450+ basins.Therefore, you can think of the retention basin as holding one or more batches of stormwater. Of course, like detention ponds, not all storms are retained.Detention and Retention Basins Brisbane, Queensland - Jacks Drainage Flood Prevention, Brisbane Queensland,. Account Suspended. Account Suspended.A Detention Basin may also be known as a detention pond. The primary functions of this document are to: 1. Describe a Detention Basin 2. Provide design guidance ... drain after a storm event and are normally dry between rainevents. Detention Basins may be configured in many shapes to meet right-of-way restrictions andDETENTION POND A detention pond, also known as a stormwater detention basin or simply a detention basin, is a man-made water management structure designed to temporarily store and control the flow of stormwater runoff. Detention ponds are an essential component of stormwater management systems, particularlyPlanning & Zoning. Detention vs Retention Basin. The Difference Between a Detention and a Retention Basin. A detention basin/pond temporarily stores …Sep 20, 2019 · The retention pond has a permanent pool of water that fluctuates in response to precipitation and runoff from the contributing areas. Maintaining a pool discourages resuspension and keeps deposited sediments at the bottom of the holding area. Detention Ponds. Detention ponds are more common in the arid west and serve as important flood control ... Opening a new coal mine—even one with a relatively modest A$2 billion price tag—is socially and environmentally irresponsible. Indian mining multinational Adani has announced that ...A dry detention basin is an impoundment or excavated basin for the short-term detention of stormwater runoff from a completed development that allows a controlled release from the structure at downstream, pre-development flow rates. Conventional dry detention basins typically control peak runoff for 2-year and 10-year 24-hour storms.However, detention ponds and retention ponds differ in purpose. What is a retention pond? The definition of retention is “the capacity to hold; the state of being retained.” So a retention pond is designed to hold a permanent pool of water that fluctuates in response to precipitation and runoff. Usually, retention ponds have drainage ...Jul 10, 2019 · There are two types of basins, dry detention ponds and wet detention ponds, also known as retention ponds. The biggest difference between the two is that a detention pond will remain dry until a storm occurs, and a retention pond will have a constant pool of water. Both dry detention and wet detention can be planned in a good way to provide an ... The primary difference between detention basins and retention basins is whether there is always water in the basin or if the water is only present during storms and … Get insights, news, tip & tricks delivered directly to your inbox. Categories. Bioretention; Treatment/Filtration; Detention; Infiltration The construction of a retention pond can range from USD 35,000, to USD 1,000,000 depending on the size and modifications made to the pond. Maintaining these ponds can cost 3-5 percent of the construction cost annually, which is compensated by a 10-20% increase in the property’s value.The renovation included bioswales on the adjacent sidewalk that diverts and reuses 65,000 gallons of stormwater a year. Bioswale/bioretention pond benefits include: Reduced runoff: In a typical road, a 4-meter (13-feet) swale can reduce approximately 25 percent of total rainfall runoff. Reduced pollutants: Bioswales/bioretention ponds remove ...That’s the main difference between the two: retention ponds hold water indefinitely (they retain or permanently hold the water), while detention ponds act like a temporary storage area for rainwater to prevent flooding (they detain or temporarily hold the water). Both are useful for large areas of land that experience poor drainage after ...Both retention and detention basins are constructed to reduce flood risk to future and existing residential and non-residential developments and buildings. The Ajo Detention Basin built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Los Angeles District in 1966 was transformed into the present-day Kino Environmental Restoration Project in the late 1990s ...The better choice is to lay down an impermeable layer of geomembrane before pouring any concrete for your retention pond. If water does seep through the concrete, or through tiny cracks that inevitably form over time, the geomembrane will stop the water before it soaks into the ground. If you are still wondering which pond liner is best for a ...A detention basin is designed to detain or hold water for a specific time period, usually between 24 and 48 hours, before it is released downstream at a controlled rate. A retention basin, on the other hand, is designed to keep water on-site permanently. There are several reasons why you might need a detention tank.Shahrivar 11, 1399 AP ... Often these ponds are systematically fed runoff water from surrounding drainage systems. Detention ponds seek merely to check the surge by ...Description. Retention and infi ltration basins are open, usually fl at, areas of grass that are normally dry. In heavy rainfall they are used to store water for a short time and so they fi ll with water. They are often multi use; for example, they can double as play areas. Retention basins can have local areas of wetland depending on the design.The retention basin would have enough volume to keep all the pollutant if the tank were to bust and will prohibit a release of pollutants into the environment. Detention pond – detains or delays ...Detention Ponds. A detention pond is a dry structure that has a riser located at the bottom of the basin. Whenever water flows into the detention pond, it is more likely to drain right out and stay dry. Detention ponds may have turf or wild grasses. Like retention ponds, they may require a large swathe of land to create one, but their …Detention Basins 7.47V 0.78 U U Brown and Schueler, 1997b Retention Basins 1.06V: 0.25 acre retention basin (23,300 cubic feet) U SWRPC, 1991 0.43V: 1.0 acre retention basin (148,000 cubic feet) 0.33V: 3.0 acre retention basin (547,000 cubic feet) 0.31V: 5.0 acre retention basin (952,000 cubic feet) Notes V refers to the total basin volume in ...Since the 1970s, stormwater detention has been widely accepted as an effective means to reduce the developed peak flow to its historical rate. A detention basin is often designed as a regional flood control facility to reduce the 10- and 100-year runoff releases. Figure 1. Detention Basin Click here to enlarge image.Retention Ponds. Retention ponds are built to catch stormwater and retain it at all times. These basins are built with a drain system positioned up higher. This drain …Chylomicron retention disease is an inherited disorder that impairs the normal absorption of fats, cholesterol, and certain vitamins from food. Explore symptoms, inheritance, genet...Feb 2, 2024 · What's the difference between a retention pond and a detention pond? A retention pond holds water all the time and helps recharge groundwater, while a …Off-line storage refers to any arrangement where the storage is placed beside the main flow path, and water is diverted into the storage volume by an adjacent control structure, such as a catch basin and weir. The intent of this arrangement is generally to store all the inflow until the pond level reaches the weir or other overflow device.Retention Ponds. Retention ponds are areas of open and shallow water designed to store rainwater and attenuate runoff at a controlled rate during and after a rainfall event. They differ from detention basins as they are …Feb 2, 2024 · What's the difference between a retention pond and a detention pond? A retention pond holds water all the time and helps recharge groundwater, while a … RETENTION VS. DETENTION BASINS. Retention basins, also known as “wet ponds”, are . typically used for flood control in subdivisions and on commercial properties to decrease peak flows and slowly release collected rainfall runoff over a longer period to reduce local flash flooding. Wet ponds can also be designed for “extended” storage, But what are the main differences between detention and infiltration vs. harvesting and ... Stormwater detention is the storage of stormwater runoff within large or even small storage systems or retention ponds. After a set period ... This can be done by designing and building engineered underground storage vaults, basins or ponds.There are two types of basins, dry detention ponds and wet detention ponds, also known as retention ponds. The biggest difference between the two is that a detention pond will remain dry until a storm occurs, and a retention pond will have a constant pool of water. Both dry detention and wet detention can be planned in a good …Until now, the guards—employed by the private company that administers the detention center—were prohibited from using pepper spray. An ICE immigration detention center in South Fl...The better choice is to lay down an impermeable layer of geomembrane before pouring any concrete for your retention pond. If water does seep through the concrete, or through tiny cracks that inevitably form over time, the geomembrane will stop the water before it soaks into the ground. If you are still wondering which pond liner is best for a ...A detention basin in Sterling, Virginia, in the United States. A detention basin or retarding basin is an excavated area installed on, or adjacent to, tributaries of rivers, streams, lakes or bays to protect against flooding and, in some cases, downstream erosion by storing water for a limited period of time. These basins are also called dry ponds, holding ponds or …Mar 16, 2022 · Detention Ponds. A detention pond is a dry structure that has a riser located at the bottom of the basin. Whenever water flows into the detention pond, it is more likely to drain right out and stay dry. Detention ponds may have turf or wild grasses. Like retention ponds, they may require a large swathe of land to create one, but their main ... Bahman 14, 1399 AP ... Stormwater ponds (also referred to as retention ponds, wet ponds, or wet extended detention ponds) are constructed stormwater retention ...Until now, the guards—employed by the private company that administers the detention center—were prohibited from using pepper spray. An ICE immigration detention center in South Fl...

Infiltration basins can be relatively cost-effective post- construction stormwater controls because their construction requires minimal infrastructure. Typical. construction costs, including contingency and design costs, can range from $55,000 to $85,000 per acre of impervious surface treated (King & Hagan, 2011). . Amarillo happy state bank

retention pond vs detention basin

A batch detention basin is an extended detention basin that is primarily used to remove particulate pollutants and to mimic predevelopment hydrology. Batch detention basins have superior water quality performance over traditional sedimentation/sand filters and achieve a total suspended solids (TSS) removal efficiency of 91%.basin area, runoff coefficients, and rainfall intensity into the Rational Method equation, Q=CIA. Figures 6 and 7 show the 10-year and 100-year peak discharges into the detention pond from the 104-acre drainage basin to be 131 cfs and 250 cfs, respectively. 06/2001 DE-7 . Urban Drainage and Flood Control DistrictDec 18, 2023 · A main difference is the presence or absence of a permanent pool of water. Detention Ponds. A detention pond, also known as a dry pond, is an excavated basin that collects and temporarily detains stormwater runoff to prevent flooding and downstream erosion. Now there is a better way. TRUEGRID Permeable Paver parking lot installation at the North Houston Bike Park, in Houston, TX. Read the case study to learn how TRUEGRID was used to eliminate a large detention pond while gaining 100 extra parking spaces and adding over 58,000 cubic feet of storm water detention in a flood prone area.. Put your storm water …Retention Ponds. Retention ponds are areas of open and shallow water designed to store rainwater and attenuate runoff at a controlled rate during and after a rainfall event. They differ from detention basins as they are … A batch detention basin is an extended detention basin that is primarily used to remove particulate pollutants and to mimic predevelopment hydrology. Batch detention basins have superior water quality performance over traditional sedimentation/sand filters and achieve a total suspended solids (TSS) removal efficiency of 91%. Aug 13, 2008 · Two popular structural BMPs are retention ponds and constructed wetlands. While many studies have evaluated the capabilities of retention pond and constructed wetland BMPs to reduce pollutant concentrations and loadings, few have focused on the internal mechanisms relating to the efficacy of these stormwater BMPs. The equation for converting detention pond volume in mm over the watershed area, Vs, to m3, is: Vst = (10) (Vs) (A) m3. In S.I. units the runoff depth, Qb or Qa, can be calculated from known values for the peak runoff rate, time of concentration, and watershed area, with the equation: Q - 360 (qp tc/A). Wet ponds (also referred to as stormwater ponds, wet retention ponds, or wet extended detention ponds) are constructed basins that have a permanent pool of water throughout the year (or at least throughout the wet season). The primary pollutant removal mechanisms are sediment settling and pollutant uptake, particularly of nutrients, through ... Some 250 million people reliant on the Nile in Ethiopia, Uganda, South Sudan, Sudan and Egypt will be hit by hot and dry spells even though more rain will fall The Nile, the world’...Talk to our staff to learn more about how the strength and versatility of TrapBag’s design will help you stop stormwater flooding. Call Now. For immediate assistance please call (239) 674-6611. We are available 24/7. Stormwater management solutions are essential for protecting the environment, including detention and retention ponds made with ...Retention basins are also referred to as wet ponds or wetlands, because they retain a permanent pool of water. Detention basins are referred to as dry ponds, ...Description: Retention basins are a best management practice intended to mitigate storm water runoff. Essentially, water is detained in the basin while pollutants are treated by natural processes and water exits the basin slowly over time, or during the next storm. Processes such as mechanical settling of suspended sediments and biological ...Algae is projected to become an important source of nutrition in the future. Check out future uses of the green stuff with HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Could algae be a solution to...Wet Pond. Wet Pond, sometimes called a retention pond, is a stormwater management facility which controls the water discharge before releasing it to the stream and retains a certain depth of water in the facility. According to MSMA, it is commonly designed for a catchment greater than 10 ha. Wet Pond in REDAC Universiti Sains Malaysia.Mar 1, 2019 · Installation: Drywells or detention basins should measure about 3’ x 3’ x 3’, be lined with non-woven geotextile fabric and back-filled with 1/2” to 1½” crushed stone. Slope the bottom away from the house so that water does not drain towards the foundation. A detention basin is designed to detain or hold water for a specific time period, usually between 24 and 48 hours, before it is released downstream at a controlled rate. A retention basin, on the other hand, is designed to keep water on-site permanently. There are several reasons why you might need a detention tank.6 days ago · Retention is the continued use, existence, or possession of something or someone, while detention is the existence or possession of something or … Retention is primarily provided on the surface through ponds, and underground through tanks, more commonly geocellular tanks. Detention is often provided by detention basins. Retention storage within ponds as well as helping manage flood risk is also useful in providing water treatment. However, there should be upstream components or treatment ... The surface area of stormwater wetlands should make up at least 1 percent of the area draining to the practice. Wetlands should have a length-to-width ratio of at least 1.5:1. Making the wetland longer than it is wide ensures that water ….

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